Klaus Kusche reported that the I/O busy time in /proc/diskstats was not
updating properly on 4.18. This is because we started using ktime to
track elapsed time, and we convert nanoseconds to jiffies when we update
the partition counter. However, this gets rounded down, so any I/Os that
take less than a jiffy are not accounted for. Previously in this case,
the value of jiffies would sometimes increment while we were doing I/O,
so at least some I/Os were accounted for.

Let's convert the stats to use nanoseconds internally. We still report
milliseconds as before, now more accurately than ever. The value is
still truncated to 32 bits for backwards compatibility.

Fixes: 522a7775

 ("block: consolidate struct request timestamp fields")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Klaus Kusche <klaus.kusche@computerix.info>
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull NVMe fix from Christoph.

* 'nvme-4.19' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvme: count all ANA groups for ANA Log page

The final field of a floppy_struct is the field "name", which is a pointer
to a string in kernel memory.  The kernel pointer should not be copied to
user memory.  The FDGETPRM ioctl copies a floppy_struct to user memory,
including this "name" field.  This pointer cannot be used by the user
and it will leak a kernel address to user-space, which will reveal the
location of kernel code and data and undermine KASLR protection.

Model this code after the compat ioctl which copies the returned data
to a previously cleared temporary structure on the stack (excluding the
name pointer) and copy out to userspace from there.  As we already have
an inparam union with an appropriate member and that memory is already
cleared even for read only calls make use of that as a temporary store.

Based on an initial patch by Brian Belleville.

CVE-2018-7755
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>

Broke up long line.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

hen we're comparing the hardware completion mask passed in from the
driver with the internal tag pending mask, we need to account for the
fact that the internal tag is different from the hardware tag. If not,
then we can end up either prematurely completing the internal tag (since
it's not set in the hw mask), or simply flag an error:

ata2: illegal qc_active transition (100000000->00000001)

If the internal tag is set, then swap that with the hardware tag in this
case before comparing with what the hardware reports.

Fixes: 28361c40 ("libata: add extra internal command")
Buglink: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201151


Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Paul Sbarra <sbarra.paul@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Paul Sbarra <sbarra.paul@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

When issuing a short read on the ANA log page the number of groups
should not change, even though the final returned data might contain
less groups than that number.

Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
[switched to a for loop]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

The supported added for zones in null_blk seem to assume that only rq
based operation is possible. But this depends on the queue_mode setting,
if this is set to 0, then cmd->bio is what we need to be operating on.
Right now any attempt to load null_blk with queue_mode=0 will
insta-crash, since cmd->rq is NULL and null_handle_cmd() assumes it to
always be set.

Make the zoned code deal with bio's instead, or pass in the
appropriate sector/nr_sectors instead.

Fixes: ca4b2a01

 ("null_blk: add zone support")
Tested-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

After merging the iolatency policy, we potentially now have 4 policies
being registered, but only support 3. This causes one of them to fail
loading. Takashi reports that BFQ no longer works for him, because it
fails to load due to policy registration failure.

Bump to 5 policies, and also add a warning for when we have exceeded
the global amount. If we have to touch this again, we should switch
to a dynamic scheme instead.

Reported-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull single NVMe fix from Christoph.

* 'nvme-4.19' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet-rdma: fix possible bogus dereference under heavy load

Fix trivial use-after-free. This could be last reference to bfqg.

Fixes: 8f9bebc3

 ("block, bfq: access and cache blkg data only when safe")
Acked-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

It is possible to call fsync on a read-only handle (for example, fsck.ext2
does it when doing read-only check), and this call results in kernel
warning.

The patch b089cfd9

 ("block: don't warn for flush on read-only device")
attempted to disable the warning, but it is buggy and it doesn't
(op_is_flush tests flags, but bio_op strips off the flags).

Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Fixes: 721c7fc7

 ("block: fail op_is_write() requests to read-only partitions")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org	# 4.18
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Currently we always repost the recv buffer before we send a response
capsule back to the host. Since ordering is not guaranteed for send
and recv completions, it is posible that we will receive a new request
from the host before we got a send completion for the response capsule.

Today, we pre-allocate 2x rsps the length of the queue, but in reality,
under heavy load there is nothing that is really preventing the gap to
expand until we exhaust all our rsps.

To fix this, if we don't have any pre-allocated rsps left, we dynamically
allocate a rsp and make sure to free it when we are done. If under memory
pressure we fail to allocate a rsp, we silently drop the command and
wait for the host to retry.

Reported-by: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Tested-by: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
[hch: dropped a superflous assignment]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

syzbot reports a divide-by-zero off the NBD_SET_BLKSIZE ioctl.
We need proper validation of the input here. Not just if it's
zero, but also if the value is a power-of-2 and in a valid
range. Add that.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+25dbecbec1e62c6b0dd4@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

There is a very small change a bio gets caught up in a really
unfortunate race between a task migration, cgroup exiting, and itself
trying to associate with a blkg. This is due to css offlining being
performed after the css->refcnt is killed which triggers removal of
blkgs that reach their blkg->refcnt of 0.

To avoid this, association with a blkg should use tryget and fallback to
using the root_blkg.

Fixes: 08e18eab

 ("block: add bi_blkg to the bio for cgroups")
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Currently, blkcg destruction relies on a sequence of events:
  1. Destruction starts. blkcg_css_offline() is called and blkgs
     release their reference to the blkcg. This immediately destroys
     the cgwbs (writeback).
  2. With blkgs giving up their reference, the blkcg ref count should
     become zero and eventually call blkcg_css_free() which finally
     frees the blkcg.

Jiufei Xue reported that there is a race between blkcg_bio_issue_check()
and cgroup_rmdir(). To remedy this, blkg destruction becomes contingent
on the completion of all writeback associated with the blkcg. A count of
the number of cgwbs is maintained and once that goes to zero, blkg
destruction can follow. This should prevent premature blkg destruction
related to writeback.

The new process for blkcg cleanup is as follows:
  1. Destruction starts. blkcg_css_offline() is called which offlines
     writeback. Blkg destruction is delayed on the cgwb_refcnt count to
     avoid punting potentially large amounts of outstanding writeback
     to root while maintaining any ongoing policies. Here, the base
     cgwb_refcnt is put back.
  2. When the cgwb_refcnt becomes zero, blkcg_destroy_blkgs() is called
     and handles destruction of blkgs. This is where the css reference
     held by each blkg is released.
  3. Once the blkcg ref count goes to zero, blkcg_css_free() is called.
     This finally frees the blkg.

It seems in the past blk-throttle didn't do the most understandable
things with taking data from a blkg while associating with current. So,
the simplification and unification of what blk-throttle is doing caused
this.

Fixes: 08e18eab

 ("block: add bi_blkg to the bio for cgroups")
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This reverts commit 4c699480.

Destroying blkgs is tricky because of the nature of the relationship. A
blkg should go away when either a blkcg or a request_queue goes away.
However, blkg's pin the blkcg to ensure they remain valid. To break this
cycle, when a blkcg is offlined, blkgs put back their css ref. This
eventually lets css_free() get called which frees the blkcg.

The above commit (4c699480) breaks this order of events by trying to
destroy blkgs in css_free(). As the blkgs still hold references to the
blkcg, css_free() is never called.

The race between blkcg_bio_issue_check() and cgroup_rmdir() will be
addressed in the following patch by delaying destruction of a blkg until
all writeback associated with the blkcg has been finished.

Fixes: 4c699480

 ("blk-throttle: fix race between blkcg_bio_issue_check() and cgroup_rmdir()")
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: Dennis Zhou <dennisszhou@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull NVMe fixes from Christoph.

* 'nvme-4.19' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet: free workqueue object if module init fails
  nvme-fcloop: Fix dropped LS's to removed target port
  nvme-pci: add a memory barrier to nvme_dbbuf_update_and_check_event

Like d88b6d04

: "cdrom: information leak in cdrom_ioctl_media_changed()"

There is another cast from unsigned long to int which causes
a bounds check to fail with specially crafted input. The value is
then used as an index in the slot array in cdrom_slot_status().

Signed-off-by: Scott Bauer <scott.bauer@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Scott Bauer <sbauer@plzdonthack.me>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

When a targetport is removed from the config, fcloop will avoid calling
the LS done() routine thinking the targetport is gone. This leaves the
initiator reset/reconnect hanging as it waits for a status on the
Create_Association LS for the reconnect.

Change the filter in the LS callback path. If tport null (set when
failed validation before "sending to remote port"), be sure to call
done. This was the main bug. But, continue the logic that only calls
done if tport was set but there is no remoteport (e.g. case where
remoteport has been removed, thus host doesn't expect a completion).

Signed-off-by: James Smart <james.smart@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

In many architectures loads may be reordered with older stores to
different locations.  In the nvme driver the following two operations
could be reordered:

 - Write shadow doorbell (dbbuf_db) into memory.
 - Read EventIdx (dbbuf_ei) from memory.

This can result in a potential race condition between driver and VM host
processing requests (if given virtual NVMe controller has a support for
shadow doorbell).  If that occurs, then the NVMe controller may decide to
wait for MMIO doorbell from guest operating system, and guest driver may
decide not to issue MMIO doorbell on any of subsequent commands.

This issue is purely timing-dependent one, so there is no easy way to
reproduce it. Currently the easiest known approach is to run "Oracle IO
Numbers" (orion) that is shipped with Oracle DB:

orion -run advanced -num_large 0 -size_small 8 -type rand -simulate \
	concat -write 40 -duration 120 -matrix row -testname nvme_test

Where nvme_test is a .lun file that contains a list of NVMe block
devices to run test against. Limiting number of vCPUs assigned to given
VM instance seems to increase chances for this bug to occur. On test
environment with VM that got 4 NVMe drives and 1 vCPU assigned the
virtual NVMe controller hang could be observed within 10-20 minutes.
That correspond to about 400-500k IO operations processed (or about
100GB of IO read/writes).

Orion tool was used as a validation and set to run in a loop for 36
hours (equivalent of pushing 550M IO operations). No issues were
observed. That suggest that the patch fixes the issue.

Fixes: f9f38e33

 ("nvme: improve performance for virtual NVMe devices")
Signed-off-by: Michal Wnukowski <wnukowski@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
[hch: updated changelog and comment a bit]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Currently, variable ref_count within the bsg_device struct is of
type atomic_t.  For variables being used as reference counters,
the refcount API should be used instead of atomic.  The newer
refcount API works to prevent counter overflows and use-after-free
bugs.  So, move this varable from the atomic API to refcount,
potentially avoiding the issues mentioned.

Signed-off-by: John Pittman <jpittman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

kmem_cache_destroy() can handle NULL pointer correctly, so there is
no need to check e->icq_cache before calling kmem_cache_destroy().

Signed-off-by: Chengguang Xu <cgxu519@gmx.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

The DMA is broken on this specific device for some unknown
reason (probably badly designed or plain broken interface
electronics) and will only work with PIO. Other users of
the same hardware does not have this problem.

Add a specific quirk so that this Gemini device gets
DMA turned off. Also fix up some code around passing the
port information around in probe while we're at it.

Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

We already note and mark discard and swap IO from bio_to_wbt_flags().

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge branch 'stable/for-jens-4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen into for-linus

Pull Xen block driver fixes from Konrad:

"Fix for flushing out persistent pages at a deterministic rate"

* 'stable/for-jens-4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen:
  xen/blkback: remove unused pers_gnts_lock from struct xen_blkif_ring
  xen/blkback: move persistent grants flags to bool
  xen/blkfront: reorder tests in xlblk_init()
  xen/blkfront: cleanup stale persistent grants
  xen/blkback: don't keep persistent grants too long

We have two potential issues:

1) After commit 2887e41b

, we only wake one process at the time when
   we finish an IO. We really want to wake up as many tasks as can
   queue IO. Before this commit, we woke up everyone, which could cause
   a thundering herd issue.

2) A task can potentially consume two wakeups, causing us to (in
   practice) miss a wakeup.

Fix both by providing our own wakeup function, which stops
__wake_up_common() from waking up more tasks if we fail to get a
queueing token. With the strict ordering we have on the wait list, this
wakes the right tasks and the right amount of tasks.

Based on a patch from Jianchao Wang <jianchao.w.wang@oracle.com>.

Tested-by: Agarwal, Anchal <anchalag@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Prep patch for calling the handler from a different context,
no functional changes in this patch.

Tested-by: Agarwal, Anchal <anchalag@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

pers_gnts_lock isn't being used anywhere. Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

The struct persistent_gnt flags member is meant to be a bitfield of
different flags. There is only PERSISTENT_GNT_ACTIVE flag left, so
convert it to a bool named "active".

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

In case we don't want pv block devices we should not test parameters
for sanity and eventually print out error messages. So test precluding
conditions before checking parameters.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Add a periodic cleanup function to remove old persistent grants which
are no longer in use on the backend side. This avoids starvation in
case there are lots of persistent grants for a device which no longer
is involved in I/O business.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Persistent grants are allocated until a threshold per ring is being
reached. Those grants won't be freed until the ring is being destroyed
meaning there will be resources kept busy which might no longer be
used.

Instead of freeing only persistent grants until the threshold is
reached add a timestamp and remove all persistent grants not having
been in use for a minute.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A few small fixes for this merge window:

   - Locking imbalance fix for bcache (Shan Hai)

   - A few small fixes for wbt. One is a cleanup/prep, one is a fix for
     an existing issue, and the last two are fixes for changes that went
     into this merge window (me)"

* tag 'for-linus-20180825' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  blk-wbt: don't maintain inflight counts if disabled
  blk-wbt: fix has-sleeper queueing check
  blk-wbt: use wq_has_sleeper() for wq active check
  blk-wbt: move disable check into get_limit()
  bcache: release dc->writeback_lock properly in bch_writeback_thread()

Pull UBIFS fix from Richard Weinberger:
 "Remove an empty file from UBIFS source"

* tag 'upstream-4.19-rc1-fix' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs:
  ubifs: Remove empty file.h

Pull cifs fixes from Steve French:
 "Three small SMB3 fixes, one for stable"

* tag '4.19-rc-smb3' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
  cifs: update internal module version number for cifs.ko to 2.12
  cifs: check kmalloc before use
  cifs: check if SMB2 PDU size has been padded and suppress the warning
  cifs: create a define for how many iovs we need for an SMB2_open()

This is not normally noticeable, but repeated forks are unnecessarily
expensive because they repeatedly dirty the parent page tables during
the page table copy operation.

It's trivial to just avoid write protecting the page table entry if it
was already not writable.

This patch was inspired by

    https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200447

which points to an ancient "waste time re-doing fork" issue in the
presence of lots of signals.

That bug was fixed by Eric Biederman's signal handling series
culminating in commit c3ad2c3b

 ("signal: Don't restart fork when
signals come in"), but the unnecessary work for repeated forks is still
work just fixing, particularly since the fix is trivial.

Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

At the point where r is being checked for different values, r is always
going to be equal to 2 as the previous if statements jump to end or end1
if r is not 2.  Hence the assignment to err can be simplified to just
err an assignment without any checks on the value or r.

Detected by CoverityScan, CID#1226737 ("Logically dead code")

Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Mikulas Patocka <mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Tejun Heo wrote:
>
> I asked Jens whether he could take care of the libata tree and he
> thankfully agreed, so, from now on, Jens will be the libata
> maintainer.
>
> Thanks a lot!

Thanks for your work in this area. I still remember the first linux
storage summit we did in Vancouver 2001, Tejun was invited to talk about
his libata error handling work. Before that, it was basically a crap
shoot if we recovered properly or not... A lot of water has flown under
the bridge since then!

Here's an "official" patch. Linus, can you apply it?

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull libata updates from Tejun Heo:
 "Nothing too interesting. Mostly ahci and ahci_platform changes, many
  around power management"

* 'for-4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/libata: (22 commits)
  ata: ahci_platform: enable to get and control reset
  ata: libahci_platform: add reset control support
  ata: add an extra argument to ahci_platform_get_resources()
  ata: sata_rcar: Add r8a77965 support
  ata: sata_rcar: exclude setting of PHY registers in Gen3
  ata: sata_rcar: really mask all interrupts on Gen2 and later
  Revert "ata: ahci_platform: allow disabling of hotplug to save power"
  ata: libahci: Allow reconfigure of DEVSLP register
  ata: libahci: Correct setting of DEVSLP register
  ata: ahci: Enable DEVSLP by default on x86 with SLP_S0
  ata: ahci: Support state with min power but Partial low power state
  Revert "ata: ahci_platform: convert kcalloc to devm_kcalloc"
  ata: sata_rcar: Add rudimentary Runtime PM support
  ata: sata_rcar: Provide a short-hand for &pdev->dev
  ata: Only output sg element mapped number in verbose debug
  ata: Guard ata_scsi_dump_cdb() by ATA_VERBOSE_DEBUG
  ata: ahci_platform: convert kcalloc to devm_kcalloc
  ata: ahci_platform: convert kzallloc to kcalloc
  ata: ahci_platform: correct parameter documentation for ahci_platform_shutdown
  libata: remove ata_sff_data_xfer_noirq()
  ...

Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
 "Just one commit from Steven to take out spin lock from trace event
  handlers"

* 'for-4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
  cgroup/tracing: Move taking of spin lock out of trace event handlers